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within 

within + 기간/장소/범위 : ~이내에, 안에서 

 

ex) We hope to be there withing the hour.

      They must make an effort to get along within one nation.

 

 

during vs for 

during + 특정기간(명사) : ~중에 

ex) They river ran dry during the drought.

 

for + 수사 + 시간(명사) : ~동안 

ex) I'm going away for a few days.

 

 

throughout vs through 

throughout + 장소 : 도처에 

ex) They export their products to markets throughout the world.

 

throughout + 시간 : 기간 내내 

ex) The museum is open daily throughout the year.

 

through + 매체, 경로(경험/수단/과정) : ~을 통해, ~를 지나 

ex) You can only achieve success through hard wrok.

 

 

by vs until 

일회성 동작 + by + 시점 : ~쯤이면 

ex) I'm always broke by the end of the month.

 

지속 동작 + until + 시점 : ~까지 

ex) She lay sleepless until down.

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